Archive for August 13th, 2008

Combination of Traditions and Innovations in Girard-Perregaux Timepieces

Wednesday, August 13th, 2008

What’s special in Girard Perregaux replica watches? Their authors unite traditional lines with up-to-date techniques, good traditions with new developments. And though the time goes by, the image of the company stays as it was as a symbol of high quality and reliability.
The history of the company began as the Swiss watchmaker Francois Bautte began producing his timepieces. The mark Girard Perregaux appeared later in 1856 as the firm went to another timepiece-maker Girard and his wife Marie Perregaux.
As the organization appeared in the watch market, it brought out its unusual idea to manufacture watches with a very plane case. That was a successful start that gave way to many company’s traditions. In late eighties the watchmaker offered to produce wristwatches in series, which was quite a special idea in the century of pocket timepieces.
So Girard Perregaux went on with the first watch mechanism with high frequency that received the name replica watch Gyromatic. In some time there came the first quartz mechanism with frequency of about 32,768 Hertz, that later became the norm kept to all over the world. For that time it looked quite outstanding to put electronics into traditional timepieces, which was made by Perregaux in his “Equation Espace Perpetuelle” watch. As in the second half of the 20th century the economical crisis started, developments of Perregaux let him keep his company and enjoy production stability. (more…)

Inventions of Russian Specialists

Wednesday, August 13th, 2008

They produce semi-conductors of certain materials. Their electrical resistance must be somewhere among the resistance of a conductor and a non-conductor. Whims of temperature or the part of dashes also influence the electrical resistance.
The term “admixtures” stands for the other components mixed to the material. The finished mixture characterizes the semi-conductors as power semiconductor devices of type-n or type-t.
They manufacture diodes and transistors combining these kinds of semi-conductors. It’s so that now the most wide spread substance for semi-conductor manufacture is silicon.
Semi-conductor substance is used to create diodes which are good for letting the stream of electrical current only in one sense. There is a layer of (positive) construction, - (negative) combination and so-called pn-transfer fixed as barrier level in every diode. Electrical schemes that change among alternating and direct electrical current are made using diodes. Because that diodes make current stay only in one direction only a part of the processes or cycle is fulfilled. A junction of this kind is fixed as a rectifier.
As for the light diodes known as LED, they are necessary to produce light at little voltages without creating heat. Today developers use LED diodes as the light fixing the on mode of all kinds of electronic equipment.
Moore’s law led to the development of thyristors theory. What is the most significant factor to produce complicated power semiconductor equipment at lower cost? Lithography is. As for optical lithography, it eventually leads to the popularization of other technologies as it has come to its physical limit. It is now gradually being substituted by more contemporary ultraviolet lithography and nano-imprint lithography. X-ray lithography and electron beam lithography today are also considered to be of big capability. (more…)